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For many people, choosing a timepiece means finding the right mix of form and function. In terms of function, you will want quality construction and reliable performance built to suit your lifestyle. A watch built to meet the needs of an adventurer will be very different from a watch built for a businessperson.

Once you find a watch that suits your lifestyle, you'll want to find one that suits your tastes. Do you like the feel of metal or leather on your wrist? Do you prefer the look of gold or silver? Do you want a traditional round face, a modern square face or some futuristic new shape? 

We have assembled this information to help you understand the different descriptions used when talking about watches. You can use the glossary to find definitions or read the comparisons of different types of metals used in watches, from steel to gold plate to titanium. There also are sections that compare the different types of movements, crystals and water resistance, as well as descriptions of the different manufacturers we carry.


Glossary

Ana-Dig: A watch with both an analog and digital display. The analog display has a traditional dial with hour, minute and, sometimes, second hands. The digital display shows the time numerically with a liquid-crystal display.

Bezel: The upper portion of the watch that encircles the face and holds the crystal. In some cases it contains an extra ring to beautify the case or a rotating ring with a special function.

Bracelet: Also known as the watchband, it is the part of the watch that goes around the wrist. Can be made of metal, leather or other material.

Cabochon: Used to indicate a smooth round or oval convex shaped polished gemstone. In watch terminology, it describes a decorative stone set in the watch crown.

Case: The outside shell that houses the moving parts of the watch. It is always made of a durable material and often sealed to some degree to provide water protection.

Chronograph: A stopwatch function sometimes built into a wristwatch.

Crown: Small round serrated knob usually located at the 3 o'clock position. Some people refer to it as a winder, as it once was used to wind the spring in clockwork watches. Today it is normally used to set the time when pulled outward and rotated.

Crystal: The transparent protective covering fitted tightly over the face of the watch. It is held in place by the bezel. May be made from plastic, glass or synthetic sapphire. See the "Crystal" section of this page for more details.

Dial: The face of an analog watch, where the numbers are usually displayed.

Gasket: A rubber or plastic ring that seals the internal works of the watch against dust, moisture and water.

Gold Plating: An application of gold over the surface of an item. Gold plating is used to manufacture watches that have the look of gold at a fraction of the price.

Jewels: Small hard gemstones used in certain moving parts of some mechanical watches. They are used in sensitive parts of the machinery because they are smooth and very durable, helping the watch stay accurate and last longer.

Liquid-crystal Display (LCD): A digital display where the numbers are formed in a liquid layer sandwiched between a pair of clear crystals.

Movement: The means by which a watch keeps time, often including the power source. For example, a watch with mechanical movement uses a spinning balance wheel powered by a tightly wound spring, whereas a watch with quartz movement measures the vibrations in a piece of quartz and often is powered by a battery. For details, see the "Movements" section of this page.

Stainless Steel: The metal of choice used to make high quality watchcases and bracelets because it is durable and can withstand more wear and tear than a similar watch in brass or gold. It is also hypoallergenic because it doesn't contain nickel.

Solar Tech: Solar powered quartz watch. This technology provides the accuracy of quartz, without the inconvenience and cost of regular battery changes.

Titanium: Titanium is one of the lightest and strongest metals on earth and is used to make top-end watchcases and bracelets. It is extremely durable and is hypoallergenic.

Water Resistance: Describes the level of protection a watch has from water damage. See the "Water Resistance" section of this page for a description of the different levels.

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Movements

The majority of the watches sold today have quartz movements. The best way to explain the differences between watch movements is to compare them to mechanical watches which were first introduced in 1910.

Mechanical: Watches use a balance wheel for time measurement and a mainspring for power. They require manual winding.

Automatic: Watches are self-winding mechanical watches. They have a rotor which includes an oscillating weight that swings backwards and forwards with every movement of the wrist. The oscillations are converted by means of a gearing into a rotary motion that winds the mainspring.

Quartz: Watches use a quartz crystal for time measurement and a battery for power. They require no winding.

Kinetic Quartz: Kinetic quartz is exclusive technology to Seiko. It is a quartz watch without a battery. The Kinetic quartz generates electrical energy to power itself from the natural movement of the wearer's arm and wrist. It stores the energy in a capacitor. The reserve energy lasts 3 to 14 days in a motionless watch.

Solar Quartz: Watches use a quartz crystal for time measurement. Any light source is absorbed through the crystal and dial. A solar cell converts the light into energy to power the watch.

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Crystal

The crystal is the transparent protective covering fitted tightly over the face of the watch. Since it is exposed to all sorts of shocks and blows, the crystal should be as hard as possible. Softer materials will scratch and break easily, which will make the watch less attractive and possibly unreadable, or if shattered, can damage the watch beyond repair. The crystal is held in place by the bezel.

A crystal can be made from any clear material, from plastic to synthetic sapphire, which is the hardest and most expensive crystal available. The following chart lists popular crystal types and their relative hardness.



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Water Resistance

Water resistance is a measure of the degree to which a watch will resist the intrusion of moisture. The following chart describes the amount of water measured in feet or meters that each watch can resist.



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MANUFACTURERS


Bulova

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Founded in 1875, The Bulova Corporation is headquartered in New York and is part of the American owned and operated Loews Corporation. Bulova is one of the world’s strongest brand names.

Bulova timepieces use only the finest material, precision craftsmanship and state-of-the-art technology for enduring quality and performance. All Bulova 14 karat gold watches are "moisture resistant". These watches are capable of withstanding ordinary moisture involved in daily use. All Bulova watches are backed by a 2-year warranty and a solid company, in business for over 125 years.

Bulova 14 karat gold watches are heirloom quality timepieces. All styles have Swiss movements and either European or American bracelets. These sophisticated watches offer breathtaking styling and outstanding value in 14 karat gold and stainless steel.

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Citizen

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Founded in 1930, the company has grown to become one of the world's largest watch manufacturers. It offers stainless steel, titanium and gold-tone designs.

The technologies used in their timepieces include all the functions the modern consumer needs with features such as chronographs, solar power, and world timers. Citizen watches have a mineral crystal, a tempered glass that is designed to resist scratches.

Each watch features a Japanese quartz battery movement, which lasts approximately two years. Watches with second hands have an end-of-power indicator that makes the hand jump in two-second increments when the battery is low. All Citizen watches are resistant to rain and small amounts of water.

Citizen watches come with water-resistant ratings of either 100 to 150 meters (330 to 500 feet) or 200 meters (660 feet).

A five-year limited warranty is included on all Citizen watch movements.

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ESQ

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The ESQ line, first introduced in 1993, is the brainchild of The Movado Group, Inc., and is positioned as a sport luxury watch brand.

ESQ watches feature water-resistant design to 30 meters (99 feet), 100 meters (330 feet) and 300 meters (660 feet).

ESQ watches offer analog/digital movements with features such as alarm, chronograph and dual time zone functions for the traveler.

The watch crystals are either mineral or sapphire, while the cases and bracelets are either stainless steel for durability or gold- or silver-tone. The gold watches feature 23K gold plating.

All ESQ watches come with a two-year limited warranty on the movement.

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Movado

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Known as the museum watch, Movado has over a century of design innovation in time technology. Some of Movado's designs are art pieces unto themselves and appear in museums all over the world. One collection includes watches by pop artist Andy Warhol.

The Esperanto word "Movado" means "always in motion" and has proven to be a prophetic name for the company. The company was founded in 1881 and adopted the Movado name in 1905.

Movado watches are water-resistant to 30 meters (100 feet). The company's line of dive watches is rated to 200 meters (660 feet). They feature a precision Swiss quartz with a two to three year battery life. Crystals come in either mineral or sapphire models.

The case and bracelet on these watches are either stainless steel or gold tone with a plating of 10 microns of 18K gold. All stones used in a Movado watch are diamonds set in 18K gold.

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Seiko

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In 1881, twenty-one-year old Kintaro Hattori opened a small clock shop in the Ginza area of Tokyo. Today that little clock shop has grown into the Seiko Corporation, one of the world's largest watch and clock companies. Seiko watches are still manufactured and assembled in Japan. Seiko manufactures a wide range of watches for all uses. Some of the most popular types are the Kinetic® (no battery), alarm chronograph, flight computer, Lumbrite® (luminous dials), dive watches, and Braille watches.

Differing lines of Seiko watches are manufactured with specific movements. These movements are listed below:

bulletJapanese quartz movement, with a battery life of two to five years.
bulletKinetic movement, a technology unique to Seiko. It is a quartz movement powered by the natural movement of your wrist and requires no battery. It will stay charged motionless for three to fourteen days depending on the model.
bulletAutomatic movement, a rotor-driven mechanical movement wound by natural wrist movements.

Seiko employs a variety of crystals for its watches, ranging from acrylic crystals on lower priced watches, to Hardlex/Mineral, a crystal constructed of silicon and barium and heated to create hardness to withstand scratches and marring. From time to time Seiko also uses Sapphlex, a glass crystal protected with a sapphire coating to be scratch resistant or sapphire crystal.

Watches are available with the following water resistance:

bulletMoisture resistant, which withstands splashes of water or rain
bullet50 meters or 166 feet, suitable for showering or swimming in shallow water
bullet100 meters or 330 feet, suitable for snorkeling
bullet150 meters or 500 feet, suitable for snorkeling
bullet200 meters or 660 feet, suitable for skin diving
bulletDivers' watches, water resistant to 150 or 300 meters and suitable for scuba diving

The case and bracelet material for Seiko watches is primarily stainless steel for increased durability, but some watches, according to price point, come with base metal, titanium or solid 14K gold bracelets.

Seiko watches come with a three-year limited warranty on the movement. The warranty does not cover the crystal, battery, bracelet, strap or other accessories.

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Wittnauer

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Wittnauer watches have long been associated with New World watch-making. Their watches were first sold in 1880 in North America with imported Swiss movements. The idea was to blend quality Western styling with an Old World tradition of excellence.

Crafted with enduring luxury, Wittnauer watches include:

bulletPrecision Swiss quartz movements
bulletSuperior, scratch resistant sapphire crystals
bulletWater resistance to a depth of 30 meters(100 feet)
bulletDurable, hypoallergenic stainless steel cases and bracelets
bulletComfortable and secure spring-loaded deployment buckles
bulletA comprehensive two-year buckle-to-buckle warranty

And, as America's own luxury Swiss watch, each Wittnauer is backed by the extraordinary legacy of nearly 125 years of watch making expertise.

The quality is obvious...the value, exceptional - Wittnauer presents elegance and precision with an unmistakably American accent.

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